Prefabricated catalyzing adsorption sites are incorporated into small
oscillators. In one embodiment, the sites are formed of precisely
positioned gold anchors on surface micromachined oscillators. The
micromachined oscillators may be formed of silicon, such as polysilicon,
or silicon nitride in various embodiments. The sites allow special
control of chemical surface functionality for the detection of analytes
of interest. Thiolate molecules may be adsorbed from solution onto the
gold anchors, creating a dense thiol monolayer with a tail end group
pointing outwards from the surface of the gold anchor. This results in a
thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM), creating a strong interaction
between the functional group and the gold anchor.