The present invention provides methods for analyzing measurement errors in
measured signals obtained in an experiment, e.g., measured intensity
signals obtained in a microarray gene expression experiment. In
particular, the invention provides a method for transforming measured
signals into a domain in which the measurement errors in the transformed
signals are normalized by errors as determined from an error model. The
methods of the invention are particularly useful for analyzing
measurement errors in signals in which at least portion of the error is
dependent on the magnitudes of the signals. Such transformed signals
permit analysis of data using traditional statistical methods, e.g.,
ANOVA and regression analysis. Magnitude-independent errors can also be
used for comparing level of measurement errors in signals of different
magnitudes.