The present invention relates to novel uridine esters of the general formula ##STR00001## wherein R represents a carboxylic acid residue, preferably a fatty acid residue and R' represents hydrogen or a hydroxy group, their use as pharmaceutically active agents against a variety of diseases, methods for the preparation of said uridine esters and pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one uridine ester as active ingredient. The present invention relates also to a drug combination comprising free fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters and uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and/or deoxyuridine monophosphate, and to the use of such a drug combination.