According to one embodiment, a first computing device receives first
information that has been formed according to application software
instructions. Independent of the application software instructions, the
first computing device forms second information for causing a second
computing device to perform an operation. In response to receiving the
first information, the first computing device executes protocol stack
instructions to form a packet including at least the first and second
information. The first computing device outputs the packet to the second
computing device.