Optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems are used to measure lenses. The present methods use an OCT system to obtain one or more images of a lens. For example, an OCT system can be used to obtain section images, surface images, or combinations of section images and surface images of vision correcting lenses, such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, corneal onlay lenses, corneal inlay lenses, and spectacle lenses, or non-vision correcting lenses, such as optical instrument and diagnostic instrument lenses. The images can be used to determine features of the lens, such as surface shapes, thicknesses, curvatures, lens powers, and edge profiles, among others. The present methods include lens metrology methods, lens design methods, and lens manufacturing methods.