The coding information for three putative chicken anemia virus proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) was inserted into a baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. Only lysates of insect cells which have synthesized equivalent amounts of all three recombinant CAV proteins or cells which synthesized mainly VP1 plus VP2 induced neutralizing antibodies directed against CAV in inoculated chickens. Progeny of those chickens were protected against clinical disease after CAV challenge. Inoculation of a mixture of lysates of cells that were separately infected with VP1-, VP2- and VP3-recombinant baculovirus did not induce significant levels of neutralizing antibody directed against CAV and their progeny were not protected against CAV challenge. Expression in the same cell of at least VP1 plus VP2 is required to obtain sufficient protection in chickens. Therefore, recombinant CAV proteins produced by baculovirus vectors can be used as a sub-unit vaccine against CAV infections.