An electrochromic device having an electrochromic medium comprising: a material represented by the following formula: ##STR00001## wherein X comprises N--R.sub.10, O, or S; wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.10 are defined herein with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.10 comprises an alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, and/or alkynyl group containing 4 to approximately 50 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, a halogen, a N, O, and/or S containing moiety, and/or one or more functional groups comprising alcohols, esters, ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, and combinations thereof, and wherein at least one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.10 is void of any .beta. hydrogen atoms.