A valve actuator for actuating a valve in an internal combustion engine is
disclosed, wherein the valve actuator includes at least one electromagnet
having a coil wound about a core, at least one permanent magnet disposed
at least partially within the core, and an actuating member disposed
adjacent to the electromagnet, wherein the actuating member is coupled to
a pivot and is configured to be pivotally moved by activation of the
electromagnet to effect at least one of an opening and a closing of the
valve.