This invention provides an optical transceiver that can attain a single-wire two-way communication in a simple structure. In an optical integrated chip, a light emitting element and a light receiving element are formed on the same chip, and a light emitting section and a light receiving section are closely placed. A via hole into which an optical fiber is inserted is penetrated in a circuit board. The optical integrated chip is mounted on a rear of the circuit board, at a position where the light emitting and receiving sections are fitted into the via hole. The optical fiber is inserted into the via hole, from the surface of the circuit board. Thus, light from the light emitting section is inputted to the optical fiber, and light from the optical fiber is inputted to the light receiving section. Hence, the single-wire two-way communication is attained.