Mascara compositions containing a keratin conditioning agent, alone or in combination with an emollient/moisturizing agent, provide increased resistance of eyelash hair fibers to breaking. Low viscosity mascara composition of the invention containing low concentrations of surfactant and wax are easily removable from the eyelashes. Mascara compositions of the invention reduce eyelash damage and though having low viscosity (as compared to typical prior art compositions) surprisingly provide excellent buildup, lengthening and wear.