The present invention provides a water purification and treatment apparatus using a combination of sedimentation, filtration, and bio-contact aeration processes, which comprises at least one rapid water purification filter having a hopper base for settled sludge and a filtering tank; at least one cylindrical settling basin for sedimentation and filtration; and at least one aeration basin having an under water and an over water bio-film contact parts, for rapidly filtering raw water or wastewater contacted with bio-contact aeration, and performing water purification and treatment.