The disclosed is a derailment protection apparatus that may comprise a wheel guiding member or a rail contact member having an inclined surface, a descending device to descend the wheel guiding member or the rail contact member, and wherein the inclined surface comes in contact with a rail, when the descending device operates. The derailment protection apparatus may return a wheel of a rolling stock to be deviated from a rail to a normal position, when the rolling stock with a bogie receives an abnormal vibration due to such as earthquake.