A novel apparatus for a low noise, high isolation, all digital transmit
buffer gain control mechanism. The gain control scheme is presented in
the context of an all digital direct digital-to-RF amplitude converter
(DRAC), which efficiently combines the traditional transmit chain
functions of upconversion, I and Q combining, D/A conversion, filtering,
buffering and RF output amplitude control into a single circuit. The
transmit buffer is constructed as an array of NMOS switches. The control
logic for each NMOS switch comprises a pass-gate type AND gate whose
inputs are the phase modulated output of an all digital PLL and the
amplitude control word from a digital control block. Power control is
accomplished by recognizing the impairments suffered by a pseudo class E
pre-power amplifier (PPA) when implemented in a CMOS process. Firstly,
the NMOS switches of the array have significant on resistance and thus
can only draw a limited current from the an RF choke when the input
waveform is high. The significant on resistance of the NMOS switches is
exploited in the DRAC circuit to introduce power control of the
transmitted waveform and permits a fully digital method of controlling
the RF output power.