The present invention provides novel compositions, methods and apparatus
for DNA sequencing that can be performed, e.g., in a two-electrode
chamber. The present invention also provides a method for sequencing a
nucleic acid comprising immobilizing a plurality of complexes comprising
a target nucleic acid, a primer nucleic acid, and a polymerase onto a
surface, contacting the surface with a plurality of charged particles
comprising a nucleotide phosphate by applying an electric field,
reversing the electric field to transport unbound charged particles away
from the surface, and detecting the incorporation of a nucleotide
phosphate into a single molecule of the primer nucleic acid.