Problems arise when using an Integrated Service Digital Network
infrastructure for providing Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
technology. These problems do not always occur but depend on the distance
between the end-user location and the central location, and the type of
network termination, and result in the impossibility for the end-user to
make voice calls or to send data. The problems are caused by the
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line splitters, which change the
transmission characteristics of the Integrated Service Digital Network
infrastructure between the end-user location and the central location.
The transmission characteristics that are changed by the Asymmetrical
Digital Subscriber Line splitters are impedance, propagation time and
insertion loss. The deviation is frequency-dependent and falls outside
the internationally-defined ranges for these transmission
characteristics.