An adhesive membrane comprises (a) a conductor; (b) a composite material
comprising conductive particles at least partially embedded in an
electrically insulating layer disposed on the conductor; and (c) a
pressure sensitive adhesive layer disposed on the composite material, the
conductive particles being capable of electrically connecting the
conductor to a second conductor under application of sufficient pressure
therebetween, the conductive particles having no relative orientation and
being disposed so that substantially all electrical connections made
between the conductor and a second conductor will be in the z direction,
and the combined thickness of the electrically insulating layer and the
pressure sensitive adhesive layer being greater than the size of the
largest conductive particle when the largest conductive particle is
measured in the z direction.