A ballistic electron surface-emitting device (BSD) emitter that can be
used in a field emission display (FED). The emitter being made of
metallic carbon nanotubes extending in a direction that is normal to a
surface of the cathode. The carbon nanotubes are designed so that
electrons therein can experience a ballistic effect where the mean free
path between collisions is as large or larger than a length of the carbon
nanotube and that the width of the carbon nanotube being a fermi
wavelength. On an opposite end of the carbon nanotubes is a thin metal
electrode layer and a thin insulating layer to protect the carbon
nanotubes from damage.