A method and apparatus for reproducing MIDI (music instrument digital interface) music based on synchronization information are provided. MIDI performance information is detected from a musical score and/or MIDI data. Synchronization information, which contains real performance onset time information on an onset time at which each of all notes included in the MIDI performance information is estimated to be performed, is generated from the MIDI performance information or a predetermined synchronization information file. MIDI music is reproduced based on a real MIDI performance table, which is generated by matching the MIDI performance information and the synchronization information. Accordingly, even if musical trainees do not have real performance sound played by a desired player, they can reproduce and listen to the player's performing music with only a small amount of score information and synchronization information.