Conductive fine particles which prevent a leak current from being caused by conductive fine particles as a result of fine-pitched electrodes and are low in connection resistance and excellent in conduction reliability, and an anisotropic conductive material using the conductive fine particles. The conductive fine particles have the surfaces of base material fine particles covered with conductive films, with the conductive films provided on the surfaces thereof with swelling protrusions, wherein the swelling protrusions have an average height of at least 50 nm, the portions of swelling protrusions consist of, as a core material, conductive materials different from those of the conductive films, and the outer peripheries of the conductive fine particles are provided with insulating coating layers or insulating fine particles, preferably the thickness of the insulating coating layers being at least 0.2 nm, preferably an average particle size of the insulating fine particles being at least 30 nm and up to an average height of the protrusions; and the anisotropic conductive material having the conductive fine particles dispersed in its resin binder.