The present patent application relates to a cleansing composition comprising in an aqueous medium at least one surfactant selected from alkylpolyglycosides, maltose esters, glycerolated fatty alcohols, N-alkylglucamine derivatives, amido ether carboxylates, acetates, alaninates, aspartates, glycinates, citrates, galacturonates, fatty acid salts constituting soaps, phosphates, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, and at least one amphiphilic polymer comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulphonic group in free form or in partially or totally neutralized form and comprising at least one hydrophobic portion. The composition can especially constitute a foaming composition that has a good volume of foam by virtue of the presence of the amphiphilic polymer. The composition of the invention may especially be used in cosmetology or dermatology, as a cleansing product or make-up-removing product for the skin, the scalp and/or the hair.