The present disclosure provides a high performance hybrid magnetic
structure made from a combination of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic
pole materials which are assembled in a predetermined array. The hybrid
magnetic structure provides means for separation and other biotechnology
applications involving holding, manipulation, or separation of
magnetizable molecular structures and targets. Also disclosed are hybrid
magnetic tweezers able to exert approximately 1 nN of force to 4.5 .mu.m
magnetic bead. The maximum force was experimentally measured to be
.about.900 pN which is in good agreement with theoretical estimations and
other measurements. In addition, a new analysis scheme that permits fast
real-time position measurement in typical geometry of magnetic tweezers
has been developed and described in detail.