An encoding apparatus which forms sector units of data, to each of which a header and an error detection code are added, from record data to be recorded on an optical disk, arranges a plurality of the sector units of data to form a matrix that is a block unit of data, scrambles the block unit of data exclusive of the headers and error detection codes, appends a first error correction code for each row of the block unit of data, and appends a second error correction code for each column of the block unit of data. The encoding apparatus comprises a generator of the error detection codes; a section that performs the scrambling; a generator of the first error correction codes; a generator of the second error correction codes; and an encoding controller that controls the processes in the above sections to be performed in parallel.