The present invention provides an X-ray inspection apparatus with a simple constitution that can easily verify whether a transport conveyor is properly mounted without the need for a separate component to perform such verification. With the X-ray inspection apparatus, the shield units, which each block a portion of X-rays irradiated from the X-ray irradiating device, are provided to the conveyor. These shield units are constituted so that the X-rays detected by some of the pixels, which constitute the X-ray line sensor, are less than that at other pixels. The control computer stores the position, number, and the like of the pixels in which the amount of X-rays detected is reduced when the conveyor is properly mounted, and, before starting the inspection for foreign matter contamination, determines whether there is a mount failure of the conveyor by irradiating a small amount of X-rays and detecting whether X-rays are detected at the pixels that were stored.