Provided herein are systems and methods for achieving long coherent
integration in a navigational receiver to improve the sensitivity of the
receiver and enable the receiver to acquire, reacquire and track signals
under very weak signal conditions. In an embodiment, phase compensation
is computed based on estimated Doppler frequency, rate of change of the
Doppler frequency with time, and second order rate of change of the
Doppler frequency. The Doppler frequency may be computed from an orbital
model or ephemeris. This phase compensation is used to compensate samples
of the input signal for changes in the phase due to the Doppler
frequency. Frequency components of the phase-compensated samples are then
computed using a frequency analysis such as a Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT). The maximum frequency component is taken as an error frequency and
used to compensate the samples of the input signal for residual frequency
error.