A nano-liquid crystal on silicon (nano-LCoS) chip having carbon nanotube
(CNT) pillars that are grown on a glass substrate thereof. As the heights
of the CNT pillars are uniform, the CNT pillars can function as spacers
providing a uniform cell gap between the glass substrate and a silicon
chip of the nano-LCoS chip. Also, being excellent electrical conductors,
CNT pillars can form a part of the electrical connection between an
outside voltage source and the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer formed on the
glass substrate. The nano-LCoS chip includes nano-LCoS alignment keys
that are formed in the silicon chip and connected to the CNT pillars. By
applying the same voltage to the ITO layer and keys, a portion of the
liquid crystal activated by the keys become transparent fiduciary marks
for optical alignment of nano-LCoS chips.