Fully and uniformly silicided gate conductors are produced by deeply
"perforating" silicide gate conductors with sub-lithographic,
sub-critical dimension, nanometer-scale openings. A silicide-forming
metal (e.g. cobalt, tungsten, etc.) is then deposited, polysilicon gates,
covering them and filling the perforations. An anneal step converts the
polysilicon to silicide. Because of the deep perforations, the surface
area of polysilicon in contact with the silicide-forming metal is greatly
increased over conventional silicidation techniques, causing the
polysilicon gate to be fully converted to a uniform silicide composition.
A self-assembling diblock copolymer is used to form a regular
sub-lithographic nanometer-scale pattern that is used as an etching
"template" for forming the perforations.