An optical transmitting and receiving module, with which there is no need to provide a submount for disposing a photodiode on a substrate and with which spatial restrictions can be made small, is provided. An optical transmitting and receiving module 1 has a light transmitting substrate 10. A filter groove 13 is formed on a top surface of light transmitting substrate 10, and a dielectric multilayer film filter 23 is set in filter groove 13. An optical fiber 21 and a laser diode 25 are disposed at opposite positions across dielectric multilayer film filter 23. Also, a photodiode 26 is disposed on a rear surface side of light transmitting substrate 10. Photodiode 26 is positioned directly below a line connecting optical fiber 21 and laser diode 25.