A bistable electro-optic display having at least one pixel is driven using a waveform V(t) such that:.intg..times..function..times..function..times.d ##EQU00001## (where T is the length of the waveform, the integral is over the duration of the waveform, V(t) is the waveform voltage as a function of time t, and M(t) is a memory function that characterizes the reduction in efficacy of the remnant voltage to induce dwell-time-dependence arising from a short pulse at time zero) is less than about 1 volt sec.