Disclosed herein is a composition for the improvement of memory and learning functions, which contains 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof and an emulsifying agent. The composition shows a more remarkable effect when it additionally contains a concentrate or alcohol extract of maesil. Because the composition improves learning and memory functions, it is effective for the prevention and treatment of amnesia or dementia and can also be applied as a health supplement food or functional food for this prevention and treatment.