A system comprising an inter-RAT/inter-network redundancy controller (IRC)
is provided. The IRC is configured to communicate with a source gateway
in communication with a source radio access network (RAN) using a first
radio access technology (RAT). The IRC is further configured to
communicate with a target gateway in communication with a target RAN
using a second RAT. The IRC is further configured to promote a handover
of a user equipment from the source RAN connected to the source gateway
to the target RAN connected to the target gateway when the source gateway
fails.