A system comprising an inter-RAT/inter-network redundancy controller (IRC) is provided. The IRC is configured to communicate with a source gateway in communication with a source radio access network (RAN) using a first radio access technology (RAT). The IRC is further configured to communicate with a target gateway in communication with a target RAN using a second RAT. The IRC is further configured to promote a handover of a user equipment from the source RAN connected to the source gateway to the target RAN connected to the target gateway when the source gateway fails.

 
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< NETWORKS AND METHODS INTEGRATING DIGITAL MOBILE STANDARDS

> DELIVERY OF HANDOVER COMMAND

> Message transfer for in-band signaling messages in radio access networks

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