A compound of formula (I), an isomer, metabolite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof is disclosed. Compounds of the invention possess utility as a tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) and are useful in hormonal therapy, e.g. in the treatment or prevention of hypogonadism, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, benign prostate hyperplasia, obesity associated with a metabolic syndrome, male and female sexual dysfunction and reduced libido, and androgen decline in aging male or female.