Nth-order OTA-C (Operational Transconductance Amplifiers and Capacitors)
filter structures are realized by using the analytical synthesis method
to achieve the following three important criteria simultaneously:
filters use just n grounded capacitors, each of which is located at each
of just n nodes in the realized circuit, because they use smaller area in
the IC, and they can absorb equivalent shunt capacitive parasites;
filters employ only single-ended-input OTAs to overcome the feed-through
effects due to finite input parasitic capacitances associated with
double-input OTAs to replace the same positions of the n given
capacitors; and filters have the least number-of components (passive and
active) for a given order to reduce power consumption, chip areas, and
noise. Both the first and the second criteria lead to the minimum
parasitic distortion and make the most precise output signals. And the
third criterion produces the cheapest chip.