The use of a superconducting resonator with continuous-wave (CW)
excitation allows low-noise quadrupole resonance (QR) detection without
the need for a lock-in amplifier. This allows detection times to be
greatly reduced. Hence, for the first time, a CW QR spectrometer using a
superconducting resonator can be used in a portable device, such as a
hand-held wand for detecting explosives.