A rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode having a
positive active material to reversibly intercalate and deintercalate
lithium ions, a negative electrode having a negative active material, and
an electrolyte, wherein an arithmetic mean Ra of a surface roughness of
the positive electrode is 155 to 419 nm, and an arithmetic mean Ra of a
surface roughness of the negative electrode is 183 to 1159 nm after the
rechargeable lithium battery is charged and discharged.