An optical element may include a first diffractive structure having a radially symmetric amplitude function and a second diffractive structure having a phase function. The second diffractive structure may serve as a vortex lens. A system employing the optical element may include a light source and/or a detector.

 
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> Electrical reset of optical functions for tunable fiber optical devices

> Optical waveguide, package board having the same, and manufacturing method thereof

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