A fuel cell system having a fuel cell, the fuel cell having a
membrane-electrode assembly; a fuel reservoir containing a liquid fuel; a
conduit coupling the fuel reservoir to the fuel cell; and an
electrokinetic fuel pump coupled to the conduit, the electrokinetic fuel
pump having a plurality of electrodes; wherein the electrokinetic fuel
pump moves fuel from the fuel reservoir through the conduit to the fuel
cell; and wherein the electrokinetic fuel pump electrodes do not
deleteriously affect the performance of the membrane-electrode assembly.