A power module includes double layer capacitors, a voltage booster, a
charging circuit, and a switching assembly. In discharging mode, the
switching assembly connects the voltage booster to the output of the
power module. The voltage booster enhances the voltage of the cells as
needed for operation of a load at the output of the module. In charging
mode, the switching assembly connects the charging circuit to the output
of the module to receive electric energy from an external charger
connected to the output of the module. The charging circuit converts the
received energy into energy suitable for recharging the cells. In
end-of-cycle discharging mode, the switching assembly connects the
voltage booster to the charging circuit, causing these devices to loop
into each other. Inefficiencies in the voltage booster and the charging
circuit dissipate the energy in the cells, rendering the battery
fail-safe.