Various embodiments of the present invention are related to microresonator
systems that can be used as a laser, a modulator, and a photodetector and
to methods for fabricating the microresonator systems. In one embodiment,
a microresonator system comprises a substrate having a top surface layer,
at least one waveguide embedded within the substrate, and a microdisk
having a top layer, an intermediate layer, a bottom layer, current
isolation region, and a peripheral annular region. The bottom layer of
the microdisk is in electrical communication with the top surface layer
of the substrate and is positioned so that at least a portion of the
peripheral annular region is located above the at least one waveguide.
The current isolation region is configured to occupy at least a portion
of a central region of the microdisk and has a relatively lower
refractive index and relatively larger bandgap than the peripheral
annular region.