An improved multi-junction waveguide circulator overlaps two quarter-wave
dielectric transformer sections so that the transitional sections occur
concurrently in the same length of waveguide. Consequently, the two
quarter-wavelength sections require a total length of between one-quarter
wavelength and one-half wavelength, with no air gap between the two
sections along the length of the internal cavity. The improved waveguide
circulator can be implemented in variations from a minimum of two ferrite
circulator elements held in close proximity to one another to any number
of ferrite elements as required to achieve the desired isolation
performance or to create a switch matrix with any combination of input
and output ports. The improved waveguide circulator minimizes the length
of the transitions between adjacent ferrite elements and thus reduces
losses, component size, and mass.