A lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode that includes a
positive current collector, a first active material, and a second active
material. The lithium-ion battery also includes a negative electrode
comprising a negative current collector, a third active material, and a
quantity of lithium in electrical contact with the negative current
collector. The first active material, second active material, and third
active materials are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium
ions, and the second active material exhibits charging and discharging
capacity below a corrosion potential of the negative current collector
and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.