A limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) based switch-mode power supply (SMPS)
response evaluation provides an effective mechanism for determining the
characteristic response of an SMPS during normal operation of the SMPS.
LCOs are induced in the SMPS loop by introducing a non-linearity in the
loop, for example, decreasing the resolution of a pulse-width modulator
that controls the SMPS switching circuit. The frequency and amplitude of
the LCOs are determined and used to evaluate the characteristic response
of the SMPS. In order to produce symmetric LCOs, which are more easily
modeled, a zero-offset calibration circuit adjusts values provided to the
pulse-width modulator, so that each value introduced during calibration
is at the midpoint of a resolution cell. The frequency can be measured by
counting between zero-crossings of the LCOs and the amplitude measured by
capturing the LCO values immediately prior to each zero-crossing of a
first difference of the LCO samples.