The present invention is related to a composition comprising apolipoprotein L-l, the use of apolipoprotein L-l or a derivated polypeptide for the diagnostic, the treatment and/or the prevention of diseases induced in mammals by Trypanosoma. Another aspect is related to a transgenic non-human mammal comprising a polynucleotide expressing the apolipoprotein L-l or a derivated polypeptide and which is tolerant or resistant to the Trypanosoma infection.