Improved circuitry and methods operate to protect the memory cells from
potentially damaging electrical energy that can be imposed during
programming of the memory cells. Additionally, the improved circuitry and
methods operate to detect when programming of the memory cells has been
achieved. The improved circuitry and methods are particularly useful for
programming non-volatile memory cells. In one embodiment, the memory
device pertains to a semiconductor memory product, such as a
semiconductor memory chip or a portable memory card.