The invention concerns a method for constructing a functional living biomaterial, characterized in that it consists in assembling layer by layer (3D) a matrix and 2D layers of functional living cells by controlling their interactions and 3D structuring based on the desired organization and final shape of the biomaterial, wherein each layer has its own pattern adapted to the neighbouring layers and on the functionality of whole synthetic biomaterials. The invention is useful in the field of biomedicine and nanobiotechnology.