A rock drilling machine (1) having, on a machine housing (2), a first attachment element on a first attachment side (13) for its fastening to a slide member which is movable back and forth along a feed beam, the attachment element having a contacting surface (17) for co-operation with a contacting element supported by the slide and a fastening element (18, 19) for the engagement with fasteners co-operating with the slide. The machine is distinguished by the rock drilling machine (1) being provided also with a second attachment element on a second attachment side (15), the second attachment element being configured similarly to the first attachment element, having a contacting surface (17) and fastening element (18, 19), to allow the rock drilling machine (1) to be fastened to the slide member also with the second attachment element. A rock drilling system has the rock drilling machine as one of its components.