Many power converters operate with an input voltage that has a normal
range of voltage that is quite narrow, for example, commercial ac voltage
or from a regulated upstream power converter. To accommodate transient
and abnormal conditions, power converters are often designed for a wide
range of input voltage, which seriously compromises their efficiency at
nominal voltage. This invention teaches a power converter that is
optimized for the normal operating voltage range. A variable dc-dc
transformer and a buck derived modulator are used in series. The buck
circuit is most efficient at high duty cycles, and for normal input
voltage, the buck converter may be saturated at 100 percent duty cycle.
The duty cycle of the buck converter is reduced to accommodate over
voltage transients. Efficiency is compromised, but the duration is short,
so that is acceptable. For normal and under voltage conditions, the
effective turns ratio of the variable dc-dc transformer is modulated to
effect control. At normal input voltage, the effective turns ratio is
nearly maximized, for optimum efficiency. At lower voltages, the
efficiency is compromised, but the duration is short, so that is
acceptable.