The invention relates to the novel cotton variety designated ST 5283RF. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants, plant parts and derivatives of the cotton variety ST 5283RF. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the cotton variety ST 5283RF and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing cotton plants by crossing the cotton variety ST 5283RF with itself or another cotton variety and plants produced by such methods.