Disclosed herein is a composition for treating keratin materials, for example, keratin fibers, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one electrophilic monomer and at least one pigment and/or at least one filler that have been surface-treated beforehand with at least one organic agent, wherein the at least one surface-treated pigment and/or the at least one surface-treated filler are not chosen from micas coated with titanium and with at least one organic pigment. Also disclosed herein is a process for treating keratin fibers comprising applying such a composition to the keratin fibers.