A biological substrate, e.g., microfluidic chip. The substrate includes a
rigid substrate material, which has a surface region capable of acting as
a handle substrate. The substrate also has a deformable fluid layer
coupled to the surface region. One or more well regions are formed in a
first portion of the deformable fluid layer and are capable of holding a
fluid therein. The one or more channel regions are formed in a second
portion of the deformable fluid layer and are coupled to one or more of
the well regions. An active region is formed in the deformable fluid
layer. At least three fiducial markings are formed within the non-active
region and disposed in a spatial manner associated with at least one of
the well regions. A control layer is coupled to the fluid layer.