Apparatuses and methods for cleaning a surface comprising contaminate particles are provided. In one respect, plasma and/or a shockwave may be created in a fluid flowing through a nozzle. The nozzle, coupled to a laser source and a fluid feed may be configured to deliver the generated plasma and/or shockwave to the surface.

 
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< Quartz metal halide lamp with improved structural and electrical properties

> Laser diode and semiconductor light-emitting device producing visible-wavelength radiation

> Methods and systems for integrating fluid dispensing technology with stereolithography

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